Prior to attempting these questions, be sure you can label the following figure.

  1. The following statements compare combustion with the aerobic
     respiration of glucose. Which is FALSE?
     a. Combustion releases more total caloric energy from glucose than
        does respiration.
     b. Combustion releases energy from glucose at a more rapid rate than
        does respiration.
     c. Combustion releases nearly all energy as heat and light;
        respiration captures some of the energy in chemical bonds.
     d. Combustion uses heat to provide activation energy; respiration
        uses enzymes to lower activation energy.
     e. Combustion involves the direct transfer of hydrogen atoms to
        oxygen; respiration uses an indirect transfer of hydrogens.

  2. Glycolysis is believed to be one of the most ancient of metabolic
     processes. Which statement below LEAST supports this idea?
    a. Glycolysis can run in reverse to build glucose molecules.
     b. Glycolysis neither uses nor needs O 2.
     c. Glycolysis is found in all eukaryotic cells.
     d. The enzymes of glycolysis are found in the cytosol rather than in
        a membrane-bound organelle.
     e. Bacteria, the most primitive of cells, make extensive use of
        glycolysis.

  3. Which of the following statements about NAD + is FALSE?
     a. NAD + is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the Krebs
        cycle.
     b. NAD + has more chemical energy than NADH.
     c. NAD + is reduced by the action of dehydrogenases.
     d. NAD + can receive electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation.
     e. In the absence of NAD +, glycolysis cannot function.

  4. Which metabolic process is most closely associated with
     the inner mitochondrial membrane?
     a. substrate-level phosphorylation
    b. oxidative phosphorylation
     c. glycolysis
     d. the Krebs cycle
     e. ethanolic fermentation

  5. During oxidative phosphorylation, H ₂O is formed. Where do the
     oxygen atoms in the H ₂O come from?
     a. carbon dioxide (CO₂)
     b. glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
     c. the oxygen you inhale  (O₂, molecular oxygen, O = O)
     d. pyruvate
     e. lactate  (lactic acid)

  6. Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to ________ .
     a.  acetyl Co-enzyme A
     b. alcohol
     c.  ATP
     d. CO2
     e. lactic acid

  7. Which type of enzyme in cellular respiration is primarily
     responsible for removing electrons from organic molecules?
     a. decarboxylase
     b. ATP synthase
     c. deaminase
     d. dehydrogenase
     e. phosphofructokinase

  8. Which process in eukaryotic cells will normally proceed whether O₂
     (oxygen gas) is present or absent?
     a. fermentation
     b. glycolysis
     c. Krebs cycle
     d. oxidative phosphorylation
     e. electron transport

 9. The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved
     in
     a. glycolysis:  the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid
     b. oxadative phosphorylation: accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.
     c. the citric acid cycle: the Krebs Cycle run in reverse
     d. the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
     e. the phosphorylation of ADP to form NADH..

 10. The Krebs cycle produces which of the following molecules that then
     transfer energy to the electron transport system?
     a. ATP and CO 2
     b. CO 2 and FAD
     c. FADH 2 and NADH
     d. NADH and ATP
     e. NADH, FADH 2, and ATP

 11. Suppose a yeast cell uses 10 molecules of glucose for energy production.
     No oxygen is available. What will be the net yield of ATP in moles?  Refer
    to Figure 9.16, and assume fermentation produces no ATP.
     a. 12
     b. 15
     c. 20
     d. 30
     e. 36
                       ------------------------------
 Answer the following question(s), based on the stages of glucose
 oxidation listed below.

     a.  glycolysis
     b.  oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
     c.  Krebs Cycle
     d. oxidative phosphorylation

 12. Which one of the stages produces the most ATP when glucose is
     completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water?
 
 13. Which one of the stages occurs whether or not oxygen is present?
 
 14. Which one of the stages occurs in the cytosol of the cell?

 15.  Which uses a proton gradient to drive ATP production?

 16.  Which involves ATP Synthase?

  17.  Which occurs entirely in the mitochondrial matrix?

 18. Carbon dioxide is produced during which stage(s)?
     a. a and b
     b. b and c
     c. c and d
     d. a and d
     e. a, b, c and d

 19.  Carbon skeletons to be broken down during cellular respiration can
     be obtained from
     a. polysaccharides.
     b. proteins.
     c. lipids.
     d. both polysaccharides and proteins.
     e. polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids.

 20.  Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion?
     a.  cytosol of cell, not in the mitochondrion
     b.  outer membrane, connecting the intermembrane space with the cytosol
     c.  the inside surface of the outer membrane
     d. inner membrane, connecting the intermembrane space with the matrix
     e. matrix

 21. During cellular respiration, electrons travel downhill from
     a. food --- Krebs cycle ---  ATP ---  NAD +
     b. food ---  NADH ---  electron transport chain ---  oxygen
     c. glucose --- ATP --- oxygen
     d. glucose --- ATP ---  electron transport chain ---  NADH
     e. food ---  glycolysis ---  Krebs cycle ---  NADH ---  ATP

 22. Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway?
     a. glycolysis ---  NADH ---  oxidative phosphorylation ---  ATP --- oxygen
     b. Krebs cycle ---  FADH 2 ---  electron transport chain ---  ATP
     c. electron transport chain ----  Krebs cycle ---  ATP
     d. pyruvate ---  Krebs cycle---  ATP---  NADH --- oxygen
     e. Krebs cycle ---  NADH ---  electron transport chain ---  oxygen

 23. You have a friend who lost 15 pounds of fat on a diet. Where did the
     fat go (how was it lost)?
     a. It was released as CO 2 and H 2O.
     b. Chemical energy was converted to heat and then released.
     c. It was converted to ATP, which weighs much less than fat.
     d. It was broken down to amino acids and eliminated from the body.
     e. It was converted to urine and eliminated from the body.

 24. The complete aerobic respiration of maltose, a disaccharide of two glucose
    (C₆H₁₂O₆) molecules, would release _________ molecules of CO₂?
     a. 2
     b. 3
     c. 6
     d. 12
     e. None; disaccharides are not food molecules for aerobic
        respiration.

25.  Oxidation can simply be described as
    a.  a complex series of biochemical reactions that no one really understands.
    b.  the removal of an electron from a covalent bond
    c.  the process of photosynthesis
    d.  reductionism
    e.  the work of ribosomes

The following questions pertain to the ATP cycle in the figure below.  Match the lables in
the figure with the most appropriate statement.

 

26.  The source of energy that drives most cells, organisms and ecosystems on earth. 27.  The organelle responsible for photosynthesis. 28.  sugar and oxygen gas 29.  carbon dioxide and water 30.  The organelle responsible for cellular respiration.